Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Novel circNSD2 promotes proliferation and testosterone synthesis while inhibiting apoptosis in bovine Leydig cells

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1932131

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression of circNSD2 promotes testosterone synthesis in LCs. (A) mRNA expression levels of genes related to testosterone synthesis were detected by RT-qPCR. (B) Protein expression levels of genes related to testosterone synthesis were detected by Western blot. (C) Testosterone levels were detected by ELISA.

Article Snippet: LC culture supernatants were collected 48 h after transfection and centrifuged at 3,000 × g for 10 min. Testosterone levels were then measured using a Bovine Testosterone ELISA Kit (Kexing, Shanghai, China), and absorbance was detected at 450 nm using a microplate reader (TECAN, Switzerland).

Techniques: Over Expression, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Indium (III) chloride inhibits testicular Leydig cell proliferation by disrupting centrosome copy numbers

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.13891

Figure Lengend Snippet: Genomic instability is observed in InCl 3 -treated TM3 cells. InCl 3 induces enlarged nuclei and micronuclei (as indicated by white arrowheads) in TM3 cells. (A) Nuclear shapes of CTL and InCl 3 -treated TM3 cells were analyzed using DAPI staining. The right panel represents enlarged views of selected regions. Micronuclei, small DAPI staining near the nucleus, are indicated by the arrowheads. Mitotic cells were identified and are marked with red circles. Scale bar, 10 µm. (B) Quantitative results of the nuclear area shown through DAPI staining. (C) Quantification of the proportions of cells with micronuclei [as indicated by selected regions 1 and 2 of (A), right panel]. (D) InCl 3 treatment did not affect the mitotic index. The proportions of mitotic cells (mitotic index) were quantified. (E) InCl 3 treatment reduced the levels of testosterone in the culture medium of TM3 cells. Quantitative results of relative testosterone levels measured through ELISA in the absence or presence of InCl 3 . InCl 3 treatment reduced steroidogenic gene expression. (F) Schematic diagram of testosterone production. Quantitative results of relative mRNA levels of (G) StAR, (H) HSD3B and (I) CYP11A1. Results are presented as mean ± SD from ≥3 independent experiments. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. n.s., not significant; InCl 3 , indium chloride; StAR, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; HSD3B, 3-β-hydroxy-δ-steroid dehydrogenase; CYP11A1, cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1; E, enlarged nuclei; CTL, control.

Article Snippet: Mouse serum testosterone levels were quantified using a commercially available Mouse T Testosterone ELISA kit (cat. no. EM1850-HS; Wuhan Fine Biotech Co., Ltd.), according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Gene Expression, Control